Jerusalem in Prehistory from the Canaanites to Roman domination

The aim of this research is to examine the city of Jerusalem from the Canaanites to the Roman Empire in terms of geographical, political, religious and architectural aspects. The existence of settled life in the city of Jerusalem, which has survived from ancient times to the present day, dates back to the early Bronze Age. The first inhabitants of the city were Canaanites from the Semitic race. . The statehood of the Jews took place during the reign of King David, and later, during the reign of his son Solomon, the Jews experienced their golden age. After the death of King Solomon, who built the Temple of Solomon to give Jerusalem a religious character, the country was divided in two. As a result of the Babylonian attacks, the first temple period ended with the destruction of the temple. In 597 BC, the Jews were exiled to Babylon and Jerusalem came under Babylonian rule. This event, known in history as the Babylonian exile, ended with the destruction of the Babylonians by the Persians. The Jews gradually returned to Jerusalem from Babylon, where they stayed for more than half a century, as a result of the Persian King Cyrus issuing a decree for the Jews in Babylon and allowing them to return to their country. With the rebuilding of the destroyed Temple, the Second Temple period began. The Jews, who continued their existence in Jerusalem under Persian rule, left the Persian rule after the Eastern campaign of Alexander the Great and came under Hellenic rule. While the effects of Hellenism were seen in Jerusalem, after Alexander's death, his commanders took over the administration. Jerusalem, which first came under the rule of the Ptolemies, was later ruled by the Slevists. The most effective of the rebellions by the Jews because they did not want the Greek culture was the rebellion of the Hashmonai family and eventually they succeeded in establishing an independent Jewish kingdom. However, Jerusalem was occupied by the Roman Empire, which showed its presence in the geography as a great power, in 63 BC and the city remained under Roman rule for many years.