Analysis and modelling of risk potential areas ofsuperstructure by using gis technologies in urbantransformation process

Our country is located in the active seismic zones of the earth and in the region where active and passive fault lines are started, which began with the separation of the continental layers of Asia, Europe and Africa formed in geological periods billions of years ago. This situation is caused by severe destructive earthquakes on various scales and construction of new planned urban areas in accordance with the zoning legislation is important within the scope of minimizing disaster risks. It is inevitable that fast, effective and feasible solutions should be produced due to the fact that the reality of disaster is the functioning of the space and because of its systematic and foreseeable adverse effects on the space of the city. As a matter of fact, the importance given by the authorities, which are active in the decision making processes of the country and the cities, in this country has increased even more in the historical process. In the 21st century, many destructive earthquakes have occurred in our country and after these earthquakes we have tried to develop legislation on construction supervision, disaster and earthquake regulations. Emerging technologies related to building statics and the resulting earthquakes have resulted in the loss of life and property, which has led to the amendment of existing regulations. Since the 1940s, it published a large number of earthquake disaster and regulations in Turkey, but experienced disasters due to losses incurred as a result of changes to be detected because there is not enough period to develop these rules and regulations. The Law No. 6306 on the Transformation of Disaster Risky Areas published in 2012 in our country is based on risky structure and risky area and pragmatically leads the way to eliminate the risk situation. In this scope, it is important to determine the risky areas quickly and correctly and to take necessary measures. Therefore, geographical information systems (GIS) technologies are frequently preferred in order to be able to produce solutions with rapid, accurate and low cost to make effective risk analysis. In this study, risky areas due to superstructure are determined and modeled by using geographical information systems based on the related regulation. In the first phase of the study, study areas were selected and the written and visual documents related to these areas, as well as aerial photographs and databases of satellite images were created. Then, digitization processes were performed and risk criteria were iv determined based on literature studies and related legislation. By analyzing the data base, risk groups were classified according to their weight grades and a GIS based model was created. The obtained model was applied to an area declared as risky in the current situation and its accuracy was analyzed, and field observations and controls were carried out to present an effective and feasible method to all central authorities. As a result, in the selected pilot region, the very risky area was found to be 8.49 ha, the risky area 1.22 ha, the low risk area 9.51 ha and the minimum risk area 6.24 ha. In this respect, the ratio of the areas in the very risky class to the total area size was found to be 33%, the proportion of the structures in the risky class to 4%, the proportion of the structures in the low risk class to 38%. The working method is effective and applicable because it gives fast and accurate results depending on the inputs. In addition, it can be applied in different areas. This study proposes and implements a method that will help and guide all risk management areas, especially urban and regional planners, in the determination of risk potential areas due to superstructure, especially in urban settlements.