Development process of urban space: Case of Indonesia-Makassar city

The development of a city is closely related to the function of time, where historical aspects play a very important role in shaping the morphology of the city. In addition to the time function, urban morphology has three main aspects: density, function and macroform aspects. Likewise, cities in Indonesia are inseparable from the history that occurred in the past in their development. The morphology of Makassar City from time to time continues to grow and is experiencing rapid development causing periodic changes in land use and urban form. Considering this fact, it is important to carry out this research in order to see the growth process of the City of Makassar, which is examined on the basis of periods, and to find alternative plans for the future. This study aims to examine the spatial formation process of the city of Makassar, based on 4 important periods that this city went through: Colonial period (before 1945), post-independence period (1945-1967), New Order period (1967-1998) and post-reform period 1998- until now). In addition, this study aims to determine the morphology of the city of Makassar based on 3 city morphologies: density, function and macroform. These three aspects were analyzed using Overlay Analysis with the help of the ArcGIS application, which produces periodic maps of the spatial development of the city of Makassar. The results of the study show that there are periodic changes in the morphological development of the city. In the Macroform Angle, the city developed concentrically during the colonial period and the city center was influenced by the high trade activities around Makassar Harbor and Rotterdam Castle as the seat of government. In the post-independence period, it took the form of a fixed fan and remained in the center as in the previous period. Continuing to grow, Makassar developed in a fragmented city style with many new activity centers in the following period and became a divided city in the post-reform period, where the city was divided into 2 parts on the east and west sides. In terms of density, the City of Makassar is studied according to the ever-growing built-up land area from each period. It was 231 Ha in the colonial period, 1376 Ha in the post-independence period, 7144 Ha in the New Order period, and continued to grow, reaching 11,859 inhabited land in the post-reform period. In terms of land function, Makassar City has experienced a change in land function in each period, and the residential area function has become the largest function, ie 48% of the land area in the colonial period. It continues to grow to 32% in the post-independence period, 33% in the New Order period, and 37% in the post-reform period. The city of Makassar continues to grow every year and in this study, the future development direction of the city of Makassar is also analyzed by taking the Spatial Planning of the City of Makassar 2015-2035. As a result of the improvement activities in the region, Makassar district will develop towards the south and east.