KLK1 gene polymorphism effect on the development of coronaryartery disease and diabetes mellitus type 2

Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death worldwide. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, 15 million patients were diagnosed with coronary artery disease in 2015. Diabetes disease is a metabolic chronic disease and is classified into three groups; type 1, type 2 and gestational. Type 2 diabetes is responsible for more than 90% of all diabetes cases. Both environmental and genetic factors play a role in the formation of these two diseases. The positive effects of the Klk1 gene on glucose balance, insulin synthesis and cardiovascular system have been shown in studies. In this study, the role of klk1 genetic polymorphism in these two diseases was investigated. This study included 4 groups of 174 people in total, the control group (n = 50), the coronary artery disease group (n = 48), the type 2 diabetes group (n = 50), and the coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes group (n=26). There was no significant difference between these four groups in terms of gender and age criteria. When the body mass index values were examined, a significant difference was found (p< 0,00001). There was a significant difference in terms of HDL in the lipid profiles examination (P< 0,00001) but no significant difference was found in terms of cholesterol, LDL, VDL and TG. When the Klk1 genotypes were compared, the GG genotype differed significantly between the control and patient groups (P=0.010). Coronary artery disease was not significant in terms of Klk1 genotypes. When the genotypes of diabetic and nondiabetic individuals were compared, the AA genotype showed a significant difference (P=0.029). In terms of allele, the A allele showed a significant difference between people with and without diabetes (P=0.029). High body mass index poses a risk for these two diseases, and HDL is protective against coronary artery disease. These findings also revealed the protective effects of a healthy diet and physical activity against these diseases. The incidence of these 2 diseases is lower in people with the GG genotype. People with the AA genotype are at risk for type 2 diabetes. In these findings, mutations in the klk1 gene cause impairment of normal glucose metabolism and pose a risk for diabetes.