Effects of slave trade on the social, political and economical life of the Sudan in nineteenth century

Slavery, in general in Africa, and specifically in Sudan, has played a crucial role as significant phenomenon within the historical process. In the continent, that was a source of black slaves, the effects of slavery have been destructive and these effects has shaped the Sudan in various ways, and it keeps doing so even today. The most attractive period of the Sudan is the 19th century. This century was considered important as then, despite the increase of the slave trade, there were attempts of prohibition of slavery and slave trade. Slavery and slave trade have been the result, trigger and result of events that took place and marks historical turning points of the 19th century. This study is aimed at finding out how the slave trade affected the Sudan in the 19th century in regards of social, political and economic levels. To this end, in Part I, firstly the slavery application of the Ottoman Empire, that controls the Sudanese land, is examined. In Part II, following information on the historical process of slavery in the Sudan, the details of slavery in the Sudan and Darfur is given. Moreover, the arrival of Muhammad Ali Pasha to the Sudan is examined through slave trade and the question of how the slave trade let to the rise of sultanate (landlord ship). In Part III, the abandonment or continuation activities of slavery in the Sudan and connected regions are explained. Moreover, as an important development of the last quarter of the 19th century, the Mahdi revolt and its relations with slavery is examined. In Part IV, different impacts of slavery and slave trade on the Sudan are examined in social and military fields. Moreover, the effects of slavery and slave trade on the Sudan in current times, is examined.