Effects of XYlazine-ketamine,XYlazine-propofol, xylazine-ketamine-propofol administration on free radical generation, blood gases and some haematological and biochemical parameters in sheeps

Effects of Xylazine-Ketamine, Xylazine-Propofol, Xylazine-Ketamine-Propofol Administration on Free Radical Generation, Blood Gases and Some Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in Sheeps The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of xylazine-ketamine, xylazine-propofol and xylazine-ketamine-propofol combinations on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in ewes. It was also aimed to determine how blood gases, haematological and biochemical parameters, which are significant for the stabilization of patients, are affected during anaesthesia by different anaesthetic combinations. The study was conducted on 28 clinically healthy one-year-old nulliparous Zom ewes, which were obtained from the Research and Practice Farm of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Dicle University and were of an average live weight of 43.27±4.76 kg. The animals were randomly allocated to four equal groups (n= 7), one of which was maintained as the control group. Apart from the control group, the animals in Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 were administered intravenous xylazine-ketamine, xylazine-propofol and xylazine-ketamine-propofol combinations, respectively. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein in all animals before the administration of the anaesthetic agents (minute 0) and at the 15th, 30th, 60th and 120th minutes post-administration. The total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSİ), activities of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes were analysed using the sera extracted from the blood samples in order to evaluate the effects of these combinations on the antioxidant system. Some biochemical and haematological parameters, which are important in terms of the stabilization of patients, were also measured during anaesthesia alongside blood gas levels. The heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature of the animals were measured before the administration of the anaesthetic agents (minute 0) and at the 5th, 10th, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 120th minutes post- administration. No significant difference was determined between the three groups and the control group for TAS, TOS, and MDA and CAT activities. When the groups were compared in terms of the biochemical values, increases in the level of direct bilirubin at the120th minute in Group 2, in the level of ALP at the 30th and 120th minutes in Group 3 and in the urea level at the 15th, 30th, 60th and 120th minutes in Group 3 were also found to be significant. When each of the three groups were compared to the control group in terms of blood gas and electrolyte levels, decreases in the level of pO2 in Group 1 at the 15th, 30th and 120th minutes, at only the 30th minute in Group 2 and Group 3, decrease in the level of cSO2 in Group 1 at the 15th , 60th and 120th minutes and at only the 60th minutes in Group 2 were found to be significant. The decrease observed in Na levels in each of the three groups at the 30th and 60th minutes and at the 120th minute in Group 2 and Group 3 and also the decrease in the Ca levels in Group 2 and Group 3 at the 120th minute were also statistically significant. The increase in the glucose level in only Group 1 at the 15th minute was found to be significant. On the basis of the comparison of the groups with the control group for the haematological values, it was ascertained that Group 3 displayed an increase in only the MCV levels at the 15th, 30th, 60th and 120th minutes. When each of the three groups were compared to the control group in terms of the physiological parameters, the differences in the heart rate of Group 3 at the 120th minute, in the respiratory rate of Group 1 and Group 3 at the 5th and 30th minutes, in the body temperature of Group 2 at the 10th, 15th 30th and 120th minutes and only at the 120th minute in Group 3 were significant. No significant difference was recorded between the Zom ewes in terms of serum TAS and TOS levels, plasma MDA, erythrocyte CAT activities as a result of the administration of xylazine-ketamine, xylazine-propofol and xylazine-ketamine-propofol combinations. When an animal is to be anesthetized, its oxidant/antioxidant status can aid in choosing the agent with the least damage to the antioxidant system. To prefer the use of antioxidant or free radical scavenger anaesthetics for surgical operations may be advantageous in terms of animal health. However, in the present study, it was considered that when administered at the selected doses, propofol, known to have antioxidant effect, provided no advantage with respect to animal health. In the present study, it was determined that xylazine-ketamine, xylazine-propofol and xylazine-ketamine-propofol combinations caused decreases in blood gas and electrolyte levels. This situation may require being cautious when administering such combinations to animals with respiratory and cardiovascular system disorders. Alterations in some haematological and biochemical parameters were determined in animals, which were administered with xylazine-propofol and xylazine-ketamine-propofol combinations. Three animals in the group, which was administered with the xylazine-propofol combination, and four animals in the group, which was administered with the xylazine-ketamine-propofol combination, were found to have developed apnoea. Regarding this, the possibility of apnoea development in animals during anaesthesia can be seen as an important disadvantage. In the present study, it was determined that xylazine-ketamine administration does not have a negative effect on the total oxidant/antioxidant status and does not cause any significant difference in haematological and biochemical parameters. Animals administered with xylazine-ketamine did not develop apnoea. It was also observed that these animals well tolerated the alterations in the physiological parameters without any disorders in their vital functions. As a result, it was concluded that xylazine-ketamine administration offers a safer use when compared to xylazine-propofol and xylazine-ketamine-propofol combinations and therefore can be a primary option for clinicians.