Investigation of current metabolic biomarkers and lipid profile in pregnancy toxemia of sheep

In this study; Current metabolic (FABP1, FGF21, asprosin and PPARα) and traditional (BHBA, NEFA, glucose, HbA1c, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, phosphorus and creatinine) changes in lipid metabolism (LDL, HDL, VLDL and triglyceride) shaped in pregnancy toxemia of sheep. It is aimed to reveal the pathophysiological mechanism using biomarkers and to contribute to the creation of early diagnosis, preventive and therapeutic protocols of metabolic biomarkers. Pregnancy toxemia is an important metabolic disease that occurs clinically and subclinically in cattle, sheep and goats, especially in the last stages of pregnancy, and it manifests itself with ketosis as a result of many predisposing factors that cause energy deficit. Ketosis caused by pregnancy toxemia can also disrupt hormonal hemostasis. Therefore, a predisposition to insulin resistance may occur in animals predisposed to pregnancy toxemia. This is similar to ketosis in humans, Diabetes Mellitus, and cows. Some current metabolic biomarkers are used in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. In the literature review; No studies have been found on the effect levels of these metabolic biomarkers, lipid metabolism, glucose and HbA1c in sheep pregnancy toxemia. In this study, the relationship between lipid metabolism disorders and current metabolic biomarkers in pregnant sheep with clinical and subclinical ketosis was evaluated. The material of this research; A total of (n:70) animals, including clinical ketosis (n:20), subclinical ketosis (n:30), and healthy (n:20), were formed from individual sheep herds raised in Bingöl province, in the last 2-3 weeks of pregnancy. The groups were arranged according to the clinical examination and BHBA values of the sheep. Those with serum BHBA values <=0.8 mmol/L were included in the control group, those between 0.8-3 mmol/L were included in the subclinical group, and those with >=3 mmol/L were included in the clinical group. Clinical examination (body temperature, respiratory and heart rates) findings of all sheep in the groups were measured and blood samples were taken. Conventional parameters for biochemistry measurements; Metabolic biomarker with BHBA, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglyceride, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, glucose, phosphorus, creatinine, HbA1c; Serum values of FABP1, asprosin, FGF21 and PPARα (sheep specific commercial ELISA kits) parameters were compared according to the groups. In the results of working; Significant differences were found in all groups for BHBA, HbA1c, glucose, LDL, HDL, triglyceride and phosphorus values (p<0.001). GGT, ALP, creatinine, asprosin and PPARα were found to be statistically significant between the FABP1 clinical group and the subclinical group (p<0.001). FGF21, AST, ALT and VLDL values were not statistically significantly different between the three groups. In conclusion; FABP1, PPARα and asprosin biomarkers were found to be significantly significant with lipid metabolism and conventional parameters in pregnancy toxemia of sheep. In the study, it was revealed that FGF21, FABP1, PPARα and asprosin may be biomarkers associated with lipid metabolism disorders and may play a role in the regulation of ketosis mechanism in sheep with pregnancy toxemia. Many environmental variables (such as shelter, diet, population density) could not be taken into account, as this study was conducted from blood samples taken from individually reared sheep herds. For this reason, it is thought that there is a need for experimental studies in which environmental variables can be controlled.