The frequency of microalbuminuria in stage of chronic kidney disease

Aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive process. Microalbuminuria may be used as an important marker for screening of nephropathy. It reflects the glomerular permeability and increased urinary albumin excretion indicates that renal damage is worsening. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of microalbuminuria in CKD stages and related risk factors.Materials and Methods: 200 patients who admitted to outpatients clinic of internal medicine in Medicine Faculty Hospital, Dicle University were enrolled into the study (n=72, 36% men and n=128, 64% women). The ages of patients were ranged 16 to 85. Blood samples were collected from patients for biochemical, hormonal and hematological parameters. To determine nephropathy, protein, creatinine and microalbuminuria levels were studied in 24 hours urine. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated using MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) formula.Result: 104(% 52) of patients were in stage 1, 48(% 24) in stage 2, 32(%16) in stage 3, 11(% 5,5) in stage 4 and 5(% 2,5) in stage 5. There was statistical significant correlation between proteinuria, microalbimunuria and stages (p<0,001). %5,5 of the patients had significant proteinuria, and %27,5 of the patients had microalbuminuria. According to stages statistically significant differences were found between demographic features and age (p<0,001), systolic blood pressure (p<0,001), diastolic blood pressure (p<0,001) and glomerular filtration rate (p<0,001) of patients, but not between demographic features and gender (p=0,125). There were statistically significant differences between stages in levels of creatinine, (p<0,001) potassium (p<0,001) calcium (p<0,001) and urea (p<0,001), and there was no differences in levels of sodium (p=0,960), phosphorus (p=0,835), T.protein (p=0,103), albumin (p=0,105) and lipid profiles. In hematological assessment there was statistically significant difference in hemoglobin (p<0,001) values between stages, but no differences between levels of ferritin (p=0,905) and TSI (p=0,839). A statistically significant difference was found in CRP levels (p=0,006) which is an acute-phase reactant between stages. In correlation analysis there were statistically significant positive correlation between proteinuria and age, blood pressure, creatinine and CRP levels, while there was no correlation between age, gender and hemoglobin levels, and there was statistically significant negative correlation between GFR, proteinuria and microalbuminuria.Conclusion: As CKD progresses, microalbuminuria and proteinuria rates increase. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between both proteinuria and microalbuminuria and between blood pressure, creatinine and CRP levels.Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Microalbuminuria, Creatinine, Blood pressure