Küçük ölçekli sıvılaştırılmış doğalgaz tedarik zinciri: Türkiye için sıvılaştırılmış doğalgaz yakıt ikmal modeli

Emission control measures are becoming stricter in the shipping industry in order to comply with the UN's global emission targets. LNG provides a viable option for emission control measures. As an alternative marine fuel, its supply chain is still developing across the world. The small-scale LNG supply chain is a relatively new and the literature on this issue is limited. This study aims to fill the gap in this context by investigating this alternative fuel option in shipping and by proposing a model for LNG bunkering development in Turkey. In order to fulfil this aim, seven research objectives were formulated and organised sequentially. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed. In order to explore small-scale LNG supply chain and LNG bunkering; semi-structured interviews and participant observation methods were utilized. To analyse Turkey's bunkering dynamics, multiple regression and forecasting tools were employed. In order to determine optimum LNG barge size and capacity, mixed integer linear programming which considers split delivery, and heterogenous fleet within the ship-to-ship bunkering context was utilised. In order to evaluate the LNG bunkering option in Turkey, in addition to the aforementioned methodologies, semi-structured interviews were conducted. The research findings indicate that collaboration between small-scale supply chain stakeholders is the main driver for LNG bunkering development. It should be supported by public opinion, standardisation and transparency in the global context. In Turkey case, according to different demand scenarios, the optimum number and size of the bunker barges were determined along with breakeven freight for LNG bunkering. Turkey has potential for small-scale LNG bunkering development; however, it is dependent on the collaboration of the stakeholders. This collaboration should be supported by subsides, incentives and regulatory body involvement in order to generate a new market for this promising alternative fuel in the maritime industry.