Investigation of some fruit quality traits and production possibilities in cornelian cherry genotypes in vitro conditions

This study was carried out to determine some quality characteristics of the fruits of 10 genotypes selected from the cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) gene resources in Malatya Apricot Research Institute Directorate and to investigate the possibilities of propagation under in vitro conditions. According to the two-year average data obtained in the research, fruit weights of the genotypes were determined between 1.92 g (44-07) - 5.98 g (44-01) and kernel weights between 0.41 g (44-07)-0.76 g (44-13). Water soluble dry matter (WDSM) values of the genotypes varied between 9.91% (44-06) and 19.33% (44-07). There were differences among the genotypes in terms of color values of the fruits and "L" color value varied between 23.84 (44-20)-33.73 (44-12), "a" color value between 7.93 (44-01)-15.74 (44-30), "b" color value between 7.80 (44-01)-11.10 (44-30), "chroma" color value between 11.35 (44-01)-19.34 (44-30) and "hue" value between 34.27 (44-01)-45.56 (44-01). In terms of organic acid content, malic acid content was the highest in the genotypes, followed by vitamin C and citric acid, respectively. The amounts of specific phenolics loganic acid, cyringic acid, pelargonidin-3- glycoside and ellagic acid were determined by HPLC and it was determined that loganic acid was the highest among the phenolic compounds. Total phenolic content was determined using four different solvents: ethanol, methanol, acetone and ultrapure water. In terms of total phenol content, the highest amount was determined in the range of 1086 mg GAE/100 g (44-14)-1816 mg GAE/100 g (44-04) in the solvent made with acetone. Total anthocyanin content showed great variation among genotypes and solvents used, with the highest results obtained in the analysis of samples dissolved with methanol between 122.26 µg cy-3-glu/100 g (44-06) and 812.02 (44-04) µg cy-3-glu/100 g. It was determined that genotype 44-12 had the highest value (89.42%) and genotype 44-04 had the lowest value (84.11%) in terms of total antioxidant capacity among the genotypes. Different times and different sterilizates were used to determine the most effective surface sterilization conditions in tissue culture studies on the cornelian cherry genotypes studied in the research. The best result in sterilization was obtained with 20% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min with minimum contamination. The best results in terms of shoot length and number of tillering were obtained in MS medium with 1 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l GA3 + 0.1 mg/l IBA and in WPM medium with 1 mg/l BAP for tillering. According to the quality characteristics of the fruits of cornelian cherry genotypes, it has been observed that there are very useful compounds in terms of human nutrition and health. Therefore, it is important to increase the production of cornelian cherry fruits, to multiply them quickly and effectively and to increase the number of container gardens.