Selection breeding and molecular characterization of hocamiz pear grown in Malatya region

In this study conducted in 2019-2021, it is aimed to characterize the Hocamız pear, which is grown in Akçadağ, Darende, Doğanşehir and Hekimhan districts of Malatya province, by selection and to characterize it at the molecular level. For this purpose, 107 genotypes with superior characteristics were identified. Phenological observations, morphological measurements, pomological properties and chemical analyzes of these genotypes were performed. Genetic differences between genotypes were revealed by molecular analyzes. These differences were explained by genetic parameters determined according to SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) and accD-pcal gene region. In order to determine the superior characteristics of pear genotypes, the Modified Weighed Grading method was used to evaluate the characteristics such as fruit attractiveness, eating quality, fruit size, amount of water-soluble dry matter (SÇKM), fruit flesh hardness and sandiness. In the first year (2020), the average fruit weight was 85.24 - 382.42 g, the amount of water-soluble dry matter was % 10.6 - 17.2, the titrated acidity (TEA) content was % 0.06 - 0.27 and the pulp hardness was determined between 2.02 - 9.90 kg/cm2. In the second year (2021), the average fruit weight ranged from 81.88 to 289 g, the amount of water-soluble dry matter ranged from % 11.2 to 18.1, the titrated acidity content from % 0.06 to 0.19 and the pulp hardness from 1.16 to 10.73 kg/cm2. As a result, 41 of the Hocamız pear genotypes determined in 2020 were selected as promising. In 2021, 36 pear genotypes were selected as promising as a result of studies using the same genotypes. The genetic relationship between pear genotype and domestic and international varieties was examined using 10 SSR loci. In this examination, 53 alleles were detected and the CH01d09 locus, which gave 7 alleles, was determined as the most polymorphic locus. The average expected heterozygosity value (He) was found to be 0.413, while the average observed heterozygosity value (Ho) was found to be 0.300. As a result of this study, genotypes 2 homonym states (26) and (29 - 50 - 58) were identified. The similarity rates in pear genotypes were determined between 80% and 100%. As a result of this study, genotypes showing the superior characteristics that can be used in the breeding of Hocamız pear grown in Malatya province have been determined and characterized at the molecular level. KEYWORDS: Malatya, Hocamız pear, selection breeding, molecular characterization