Gis-supported investigation of organic geochemistry, main-trace element contents and environmental effects of Malkara (Tekirdağ) coals

The study area is located at the intersection of Malkara, Hayrabolu and Süleymanpaşa counties (Tekirdag, Turkey). Located in the Oligocene aged Danişmen Formation in the Thrace Tertiary Basin; this area is composed of limestone, sandstone, tuffite, siltstone, claystone and coal intercalated. In this study, the factors affecting the environmental and living life that may occur during the extraction, transportation and incineration of coal were determined. While determining these elements, the results were obtained by using organic petrographic methods, main-trace elemental analysis and various analyzes of Geographical Information Systems. As a result of Rock Eval pyrolysis analyzes applied to the Malkara coal samples, the total organic carbon values (TOC) are in the range of 5.9% to 53.25%, on average, 32.03%; hydrogen index values (HI) are in the range of 43-167 mg HC / g TOC; oxygen index values (OI) are in the range of 55-137 mg HC / g TOC; production index (PI) is in the range of 0,01-0,08; Tmax values vary between 381-437 ° C. As a result of researches made with all these values, it was determined that kerogen is Type III, organic matter is immature or migrated. Potential product (PY) values were calculated and determined between 3,54 and 90,71 kg/t to determine source rock potential. Accordingly, the source rock was determined to be of gas origin. In organic facies, the facies type is C-CD with a large part of the CD. CD organic facies refers to residual and oxidized terrestrial organic matter. Vitrinite reflection values vary between 0,314-0,489%, the immature organic matter; soft, matte, and shiny lignite-bottom bitumen. As a result of all rock and clay analyzes of XRD, it was determined that quartz, calcite, clay minerals, dolomite, aragonite, feldspar group minerals, plagioclase group minerals, ankerite, pyrite, mica and amorphous material. It is determined that the dominant clay mineral is smectite and illite; and smectite is more than other clay minerals. Very little sample chlorite levels were observed. According to main-trace element analysis, Fe, Mg, Ca, Ti and Cr from the main elements in the study area and Ni, W, Se from the elites were enriched. Elemental enrichments in the basin are mainly inorganic in the main elements and organic in trace elements. Elements which have risk of environmental hazard As, Cd, Se, Ni, Be, V, Cu, Zn, Th, U, Ti, Co, Sb, Sn, and Ba were determined above the world coal average. Among these elements As, Cd, Be, Co, Ni, Sb and Se are classified as potential air pollutant elements. In the evaluation of GIS study together with main-trace elemental analysis, the elements were examined in four groups in terms of environmental and living health. The most dangerous class is Group 1 elements (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Se) and the elements in descending order is classified as Group 2A (Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb), Group 2B (B, Cu, P, Th, U, V, Zn) Group 3 (Ba, Co, Sb, Sn, Ti). The distribution of all group elements in the study area was determined and mapped by interpolation method Kriging. After the mapping process, the conversion of the vector data into raster data was made by reclassing the spatial distributions of the element distributions. Three-dimensional modeling was performed together with the elements of the slope, elevation and digital elevation model of the site and lignite continuity was determined by GIS studies. According to this, ceiling lignite, base lignite and between these layers a clay lignite layer were determined in the study area. Forest areas and groundwater are detected near the mine site and examined in terms of environmental hazard. The roads around the mine site were digitized by network analysis and the number of people who could be affected by environmentally risky settlements and coal dust during the transportation of coal was determined.