Investigation of the biomimicry approach in the shape generation process in architecture

Nature is in a flawless cycle with all living things and all the species that interact. This cycle is a cycle in which living things continue their vital activities beneficial to the ecosystem, meet their needs in accordance with the principles of recycling and sustainability, and while doing this, do not harm the nature and its environment. As in every living thing, human beings have the ability to survive and maintain their vital activities. The most important of these are functions such as nutrition, shelter and clothing, which are among the most basic needs of people from past to present. Responding to the problems by observing nature started with examining and observing the designs made by nature. Our need to learn by imitation, which started from infancy, is a feature found in almost every living thing in nature. Living things must observe nature, identify their needs and seek solutions to their problems in order to survive. Biomimicry is a method that people use consciously or unconsciously. Watching learning, nature-based responses to problems are a natural consequence of life. As in everyday life, designers encounter some problems in architecture and design. It is aimed to inspire designers to find nature-based solutions to the problems encountered in the research. Biomimicry has been utilized in both formal, functional and different fields, and answers have been found for many unsolved problems. Architects and designers who are good observers of nature have discovered the methods used by nature in the design and construction process and applied the findings they obtained in their designs. So much so that today there are biomimicry offices established to provide consultancy and inspiration to designers and to bring the design process and nature together. The technology factor also directly affected the utilization capacity of biomimicry. In the 21st century, both the observation facilities and the implementation of the observed results have diversified. In the study, the reflexes of nature and its responses to the problems faced were investigated as a method, and the structures and designs that the designers applied with inspiration were examined. This situation has opened a new door to the solutions of the problems. In addition, the usage areas of biomimicry from the earliest periods to the present were investigated, the effect of biomimicry on architectural design was examined by supporting examples, and examples of applied or not applied under the name of function and color, especially the subject of form, were investigated. The data obtained were presented in a table and formed a base for future studies based on the relationship between design and biomimicry type.