Molecular profiling of virulence factor genes multidrugresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the bacterial genera, is often found in the environment and on plants. It can also be found on human skin, in humid environments in hospitals, and at trace levels in both humans and animals. Patients experiencing inflammation from burns or wounds are at risk. This bacteria can enter the bloodstream and cause a bacteremia that can infect immunocompromised people, such as leukemia patients. It also causes many other infections, including urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, gastrointestinal infections, and skin and middle ear infections. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of multi-antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa bacteria and to examine the molecular profile of these bacterial isolates and compare it with global isolates. The study included collecting 120 sterileswabs from patients with Isolates were taken from cystic fibrosis, burns, otitis media, wound infections, and urinary tract infections (UTI) from Fallujah Teaching Hospital, Al-Amriya General Hospital, Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital, and Baghdad Teaching Hospital for the period from October 2022 until the end of January 2023. 85 isolates were diagnosed as Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The target age group is 18-55 years of age, ≤35 years 46/85 (54.1%), >35 years 39/85 (45.9%). The isolation rate reached 60% for females and 40% for males. Samples were cultured on blood agar, MacConkey agar, and cetrimide agar for the purpose of isolating Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacterial cultures were then subjected to several tests, including microscopic, phenotypic, and biochemical tests, which included an oxidase test. Catalase and Vitic device. The sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against seven antibiotics was tested using the disc diffusion method. It was found that the isolates had the characteristics of multiple antibiotic resistance, as the isolates showed resistance to Imipenem by 9.4%, resistance to Amoxyclav by 96.5%, resistance to Ceftriaxone by 34.1%, resistance to Amikacin by 29.4%, Azithromycin by 67.1%, resistance to Ciprofloxacin by 34.1%, and resistance to Gentamicin by 24.7%. The highest percentage of resistance was to the antibiotic amoxyclav at a rate of 96.5%, while the lowest percentage of resistance was to the antibiotic imipenem at a rate of 9.4%. Polymerase chain reaction technology (PCR) was used to detect the virulence factor genes Alg-D, Pel-F, and Psl-D. The results of this study showed that the genetic characteristics of the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were as follows: Alg-D 64 (75.3%), Pel-F 66 (77.6%), and Psl-D 76 (89.4%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the types of bacteria spread in hospitals that infect humans with many diseases. This bacteria is characterized by its high resistance to antibiotics due to its possession of many virulence factors. Infections resulting from these bacteria have become a major and unique problem because of their resistance to many groups of drugs that can be relied upon to treat them. This study is to diagnose and accurately identify antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the PCR technique and to identify the genes that confer this resistance .