Evaluation of Muhammed Senâullah Pânîpati's work named et-Tefsîru'l-mazhari in terms of recitation science

The Qur'ân al-Karîm was revealed by Allah (swt) to the Prophet (pbuh) with its wording, recitation and meaning, and from him it was transmitted to the Companions in all its performance and as it was revealed. In the first three centuries of the Hegira, the Qur'anic activities, which were concentrated in the Arabian Peninsula and its immediate vicinity, spread to Egypt, North Africa, Andalusia, Iran, Anatolia and Central Asia in parallel with the conversion of societies to Islam with the conquests. Sources point out that Qur'anic Qira'ahs were widespread in India before the fourth Hijri century. In addition, the interest of the Muslims in the region in Qiraat has never disappeared until today and skilful masters have been trained in this field. One of these masters was Muhammad Senāullah Pānīpatī, who lived in the 19th century. This study deals with the evaluation of al-Tafsīr al-Mazharī, which was written by the author in Arabic and is considered to be his most famous work, in terms of the science of qiraat. In this context, the study is of great importance in the sense that it analyses a tafsīr that represents the prevalence of Qiraat in the Indian geography and its author, who is a multifaceted scholar. In addition, the thesis has a special value as it is the first independent study at the doctoral level that deals with the work in terms of the science of qiraat. In the thesis, which consists of an introduction and four main chapters, the history of Qiraat from the first century to Senāullah Pānīpatī is included; the historical journey of the transfer of Qiraat to the geography where the author lived is discussed with a chronological approach. In addition to this, the evaluation of the work in terms of the science of qiraat is made, the author's view of the types of qiraat, the way of handling the differences of qiraat and the compatibility of the qiraat aspect of the work with the principles of authentic qiraat are examined; the relationship between qiraat and Arabic language is analysed in terms of phonetic (savtī), morphological (sarfī) and syntactic (nahwī) aspects and the findings obtained are presented in the conclusion section. In his work, Senāullah analyses the qiraat in two categories: mutawātir and shāz. He considers all ten qiraat as mutawâtir and considers them all equal in terms of virtue or script and states that any preference between them is not appropriate. He characterises all the qiraat other than the ten qiraat as shāz. For this reason, he considers the mutawâtir qiraat as the main evidence and the shāz qiraat as secondary evidence in exegesis.