Investigation of the effects of Nnitrosodiethylamines on the activities of adenosine deaminase and xantine oxidase enzymes,nitric oxide metabolism and on oxidant,antioxidant system in rat heart tissüe,effects of ellagic acid

N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) is a toxic chemical forhuman beings. Nitrosamines, in particular N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)is very common chemical which is easily destroyed when exposed to sunshine. Environmental nitroso compounds and their precursors like nitrateand nitrit lead to carcinogen nitrosamines after digestion ingastrointessinal system.Ellagic acid (EA) is a polyphenol having antioxidant,antiproliferative and antiatherogenic activities. Additionally, ellagic acidhas chemoprotective poperties against various carcinogens likenitosamines, azoximetans, micotoxins and polycyclic hydrocarbons.Ellagic acid inhibits cellular proliferation by inducing apoptosis andregulating angiogenesis. There are also studies on the preventive andrepairing potentials of ellagic acid on DNA damages.In our research, the effects of N-nitrosodiethylamine(NDEA) on key enzymes of purine metabolism, namely adenosinedeaminase (ADA) and xantine oxidase (XO) enzymes, on nitric oxidemetabolism namely, NO level and NOS activity, and on free radicalmetabolisingenzymes namely superokside dismutase (SOD), catalase(CAT) and glutatone peroxidase (GSH-Px) were studied in the rat hearttissues. Malondialdehide (MDA) level was studied as an index ofperoxidation in the heart tissue. Furthermore, potential proflactic andcurative activities of ellagic acid which is a phytochemical substance wasstudied.In the research, there were 5 groups. In each group, therewere 6 animals. One of them is control group. Others are EA group,simultane NDAE+EA group and pre NDAE+EA group. After the end of thestudy, animals were sacrificied and their hearts were removed to be usedin the analyses, which are performed in the supernatant fraction of thematerial.It has been established that NDEA causes relativeincreases in the MDA levels of the heart tissue, no change in the ADAactivity and an increase in the XO activity. EA is found to exhibitantioxidant activity in part. However, when given EA and NDEA together, ithas been established that an oxidant stress occurs possibly due to thedecrease in CAT activity, which leads to further oxidation reactions. Nochanges were however observed in NO level and NOS activity valuesamong the groups, indicating that harmful effects of NDEA are not relatedto nitric oxide metabolism.It has been concluded that some antioxidant substancescan act as oxidant when given together with some other chemicals.Therefore, it has been recommended that antioxidant substances shouldnot be used randomly, and that possible side effects must be investigatedpreviously regarding their potential negative interactions with otherchemicals including medicines.