Öğün sıklığı, uyku süresi ve uyku kalitesinin Beden Kütle İndeksi üzerine etkisi

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of meal frequency, sleep duration and sleep quality on body mass index and the effect of meal frequency, physical activity, sleep duration and sleep quality on constipation. The present study was conducted on 299 non-pregnant and non-breastfeeding individuals, of whom 82.6% (n=247) were female and 17.4% (n=52) were male and had not followed a diet in the previous 6 months. Data from the forms were collected between January and May 2023 and the age range of the individuals was between 18 and 65 years. Dietary habits, personal characteristics, constipation scale, Sleep Quality Index, insomnia severity of the individuals were questioned with a questionnaire created through Google Form. Constipation severity was assessed using the Constipation Severity Scale, insomnia severity using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and sleep quality using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Forms were collected between January and May 2023. NCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical System) 2020 Statistical Software (NCSS, LLC, Kaysville, Utah, USA) was used for statistical analysis in the evaluation of the results obtained in the study. Subjects ranged in weight from 40 to 167 kg, with a mean weight of 67.15±14.94 kg. The height of the participants ranged from 145 to 190 cm, with a mean height of 166.34±8.21 cm. Participants' BMI ranged from 16 to 61 kg/m2, with a mean of 24.20±4.72 kg/m2. 32.6% (n=97) of the participants engaged in regular physical activity. While 42.6% (n=127) of the participants ate 1-2 main meals, 53.7% (n=160) ate 2-3 main meals and 3.7% (n=11) ate more than 3 main meals per day. Of the subjects, 76.9% (n=230) skipped meals. Participants' total scores on the Constipation Severity Scale (CSS) ranged from 0 to 65 points, with a mean score of 18.46±14.26. Participants' Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores ranged from 0 to 20 points, with a mean score of 6.05±4.68. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores ranged from 7 to 22 points, with a mean score of 12.38±2.74. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the Insomnia Severity Index scores and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index scores (r=0.618; p=0.001; p<0.01). There was a statistically significant weak positive correlation between participants' total score on the Constipation Severity Scale and their score on the Sleep Latency subscale of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (r=0.229; p=0.001; p<0.01). There was a statistically significant weak positive correlation between participants' total score on the Constipation Severity Scale and their score on the Sleep Latency subscale of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (r=0.229; p=0.001; p<0.01). A statistically significant difference was found between the scores obtained from the "Subjective Sleep Quality" sub-dimension of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index according to the meal frequency of the study participants (p=0.005; p<0.01). A statistically significant difference was found between the scores obtained from the Daytime Dysfunction subscale of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index according to BMI groups (p=0.018; p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the Insomnia Severity Index scores according to BMI groups (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the participants' meal frequency, skipping meals, regular consumption of probiotic foods, knowledge of the importance of fibre, and the type of bread they eat most often according to BMI groups (p>0.05). According to alcohol consumption, the participants' scores on the sub-dimensions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the total scale did not show a statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Scores on the total Constipation Severity Scale were statistically significantly lower in those who engaged in regular physical activity (p=0.002; p<0.01). According to meal skipping status, participants' scores on the Constipation Severity Scale sub-dimensions and total scale did not show a statistically significant difference (p>0.05). According to working styles, the participants' scores from the Constipation Severity Scale sub-dimensions of "Bowel Laziness" and "Fecal Obstruction" and the total scale did not show a statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Keywords:Meal frequency, Body Mass Index, Sleep Quality, Constipation, Physical Activity