The effect of accumulation of copper and lead ion distrubution in gill, muscle, liver, kidney and blood tissues of Oreochromis niloticus and Cyprinus carpio

Accumulation of copper and lead in various tissues of Cyprinus carpio and Oreochromis niloticus and effect of Cu and Pb on Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++ and Cl- levels of tissues and serum were tested at varying concentrations of metal in the medium and over different periods of timeAnimals were exposed to 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg-L-1 Cu and Pb over periods of 10, 20 and 30 days and ion distrubution and accumulation of copper and lead in liver, kidney, gill and muscle were determined using atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry.Highest accumulation of copper was observed in liver in all the experimental periods of O. niloticus and C. carpio, while lead accumulated mainly in the kidney tissue. Except for lead accumulation in the kidney, C. carpio accumulated metals at significantly higher levels in their tissues than O. niloticus. In both fish, copper accumulation rates in the tissues were higher than observed for lead.Highest levels of copper and lead were accumulated in liver and kidney by C. carpio and O. niloticus, whereas accumulation was the lowest in mucle in both species.Our data show that tissue and serum ion (Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++ and Cl-) levels effected by Pb and Cu. In both species, all concentration of lead caused a decrease in liver and kidney and on increase in gill tissue in Na+ levels. Muscle Na+ levels did not change at exposure to concentration Cu and Pb. In all concentrations and periods tested copper caused a decrease Na+ levels in liver and gill and, increase in kidney of C. carpio. In both species, blood serum Na+ levels decreased after periods tested at exposure to copper while increasing at exposure lead.In both species, liver and muscle K+ levels did not show significant changes in all the concentrations of Pb and Cu and periods tested. Copper and lead concentrations caused an increase in K+ levels in the kidney while lead concentration a decrease in gill of O. niloticus. O. niloticus blood serum K+ levels increased with effect of Cu and Pb concentrations. In C. carpio Cu concentrations blood serum K+ levels increased while decreased with effect of Pb concentrations after 10, 20 and 30 days of exposure.In all the concentration of Cu and Pb for 10 and 20 days Ca++ levels in the liver and gill of O. niloticus were increased significantly when to control values. Ca++ levels of tested tissues in C. carpio increased with effects of exposed copper after period tested. Except for liver, Ca++ level of tested tissue in C. carpio increased with effects of exposed lead. Ca++ levels of blood serum in O. niloticus decreased at high concentrations of Cu and in all the concentrations of Pb. In C. carpio blood serum Ca++ levels decreased at exposure to copper while increasing at exposure to lead after periods tested.After 30 days of Cu and Pb exposures tissue Mg++ levels showed an increase at gill and muscle tissues and a decrease in kidney tissue of O. niloticus lead concentrations increased the Mg++ levels in the liver, kidney and muscle tissues of C. carpio. In all the concentration of Cu and Pb and periods tested, blood serum Mg++ levels decreased in O. niloticus but an increase was observed in C. carpio.