Ottoman naval forces and activities (1888-1914)

The 19th century was a great century in terms of world history with the effect of the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, and the balance of powers changed completely. Technological developments that have not been never stop have emerged as a new opportunity for states that have had difficulties making technological investments until this date. This process, where a new technological development is experienced almost every day, not only affected European states but also deeply affected the Ottoman Empire. Like all the world states, The Ottoman Empire closely followed these developments and tried to implement it within its own structure, considering its usage areas and priorities. This study is an effort to understand how the Ottoman Empire implemented these developments on the navy in a period of such great technological developments, how there were deficiencies in these practices, how healthy the discussions on individuals and how the obtained in practice have consequences in practice. It was study how the political developments experienced during the process had an impact on the navy, how the country's economic situation caused changes on the basis of purchases or production, and the effects of employed experts on technology transfer. After that, answers were sought for how these developments affected the navy's field of activity. The Ottoman Empire did not only experience political problems, but also experienced major changes in administrative terms between 1888 and 1914. It is a period when the state political struggles with both internal and external problems, The empire has to enter the war with its enemies one after the other and use the navy actively. In addition, the classical management approach was abandoned and a constitutional administration was initiated. Such an important development necessarily affected the modernization process mentioned above. In this context, cross readings were made to understand both the technological developments in Europe and how these developments adapted them to the navies of European states, and how the Ottoman State followed these developments and applied them to their navy. As a result, the similarities, differences and how each side benefited from each other were tried to be determined.