Employment of foreign experts from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey

The purpose of this study, analyze to the employment of foreign expert as a technology transfer method from Ottoman Empire to Republic of Turkey. Accordance the mentioned purpose, the employment of foreign expert have examined by the secondary sources for imperial era and the archival documents for republican era through considering all economic sectors. According to the findings obtained in the study, the foreign experts employed in Ottoman Empire were limited numbers until 18th century when regarded as the beginning of reform movements, in the following years these people are used more in many areas such as mining, forestry, health, textile and transportation. It is seen that from the archival documents, about 587 foreign experts employed between 1923-1945. Most of these experts are brought from countries such as Germany, England and France and they are mostly employed in fields such as mining, education and transportation. The foreign people described as expert are taking in first place followed by engineers and faculty members in vocational dispersion. 534 foreign experts employed in 1946-1960 occured the German, French and English citizens like before and they have worked in mining sector, educational institution, ministries and the other ministry departments. Other than the experts which are not clearly explained in the documents and therefore classified as unspecified, faculty members, engineers and geologists have the highest share in the vocational groups. The number of foreign experts employed in Turkey during 1961 and later can be determined as 1018. Along to experts from France, Germany and England, the qualified personnel from USA which are more in number occurs the majority in new period. And almost more than half of foreign experts are employed in the field of education. The foreign experts achieved the additional exemptions which are presented in order to make working conditions more attractive in the Turkish economya and they were employed between 1-3 years. As a result, although the efficiency of the foreign expert employment policy cannot be measured exactly, it is possible to say that foreign experts are utilized in the institutionalization of the bureaucracy, the improvement of production techniques and the performing of many practises in fields such as education, energy, health, agriculture-forestry, transportation-communication.