Pic based designed of brushless dc motor

If we mention about brushless motor; in 1983, Dermadash firm produced two brushless DC motor with same power by using two different materials ( Samarium-Cobalt and ferrite ). In 1985, Ilzuka did speed control of brushless DC motor without using feedback through trigging power semi conductors in invertor circuit by a computer. In 1989, Pillay modeled synchronous motor with permanent magnet in two phases and brushless DC motor in three phases. In 1992, Low implemented momentum control procedure in position and speed controls. Then in 2003, Lee ans Ehsani improved advanced simulation models of brushless DC motor drivers. Eventually, in 2008, Cunshan Zhang and Dunxin Bian submitted a new PWM control algorithm in brushless DC motor to suppress moment oscillation which are occured by stator magnetic field. After this time, brushless DC motors couldn't get a fair shake, because of cost and complication of electronics circuit. However, improving of technology, product quality and increasing of lifecycle induced that product to be at the top of the agenda. Nowadays, brushless DC motors are usually used on most of industrial applications, especially on automotive sector, on space sector, on computer sector, on medical electronics, on military zones, on robotic applications and on households.That motors have high torque/current and high torque/inertia.. Besides, Bruhless DC motors have advantages such as solid structure, high efficiency and high safety [1]. In recent years, Microcontroller (PIC) circuit components are used single-loop digital control systems because of available structure. Also, thanks to common usage and suitable price, its popularity increases day by day. PIC's are circuit components that accumulated in one silicon cover that includes the basic characteristics of computer. Generally, a PIC circuit component occures from one microprocessor, program/data memory, input/output units, clock pulse generators, timer/ counter units, cut-off control unit, analog/digital and digital/analog convertors, pulse width moderator, serial communication unit and other environmental units that used for other special applications. PIC 30F3010 circuit component which used in that study has high performans RISC CPU technology, 20 MHz working frequancy, 3 input/outout, 3 timer,2 PWM module, 10 bites ADC with 5 canal, 8Kx14 words flash memory, 368x8 bytes RAM and 256x8 bytes EEPROM [2]. In these project, brush dusts that is composed of melted brush by the time of progress prevention of decreasing of motor life, not working of motor through abraded of commutator surface and being of spark ( electrical jumping, frame, etc ) prevention, increasing of motor cycle are purposed. In that direction some developing works are done on motor brushes and commutators, however, proper results couldn' t be achieved. With all of that datas, RIC Based Brushless Motor designing is decided, brushes on motor and commutator are canceled, and using neodymium magnets that have high Gauss value and proper magnezitation specification instead of ferritic magnets, winding into the stator instead of armature are decided. Besides, using of M 470 quality ( high silicium rated ) material instead of 6112 quality ( almost none silicium )lamination galvanize is decided. The reason is that, silicium can be magnetized easily. In these study also a driver with PIC enabling is realized for Brushless DC motors. Motors location conditions that received from hall effect sensors transformed to commutation outputs by rendered of PIC's and these outputs are applied to optical isolators for isolating. In that performed system, MOSFET devices are used to provide the motor current. TLP250 driver devices are prefered to control MOSFED components. ASM language that is compiled on MPLAB program of Microchip firm is used as software. Consequently, even though maximum working time on brush motor is 13.000 hours and number of cycles is around 1-1,5 milions, maximum working time on brushless motor is 20.000 hours and number of cycles is around 2,5-3 milions. Also, on performance tests maximum torque value on brush reduction motor that is 63 mm diamater is 12,95 Nm. This value is 18,45 Nm for brushless motor. For the brush blower motors that is 76 mm diameter maximum torque value is 0,93 Nm, brushless blower motor torque value is 1,97 Nm. And, for the brush fan motor that is 102 mm diameter maximum torque value is 2,46 Nm, brushless fan motor value is 3,88 Nm. As a result of these torque tests, torque values of brushless motor is higher than brush motor. In addition of this, defrosting cycle of brushes of brush motors is around 1-1,5 years is found by checking datas of returned motors. Since there is no brush on brushless motors, that problem is solved directly.