Phaselis necropoleis and tombs of it's territory: Urban and rural relationship from the perspective of settlement and landscape archaeology

The main subject of this study is the identification of the tombs in the necropolis and teritorium of Phaselis, the typological identification of the main groups and sub-groups, the documentation of the tomb types in all aspects and the positioning of the tombs on the topographic map. In this context, the graves in the eşik e tern, western and northeastern necropolis of Phaselis and it's territory were documented in all aspects and categorised in a chronological perspective and the grave typology of the city and its territory were determined. Within the scope of the studies carried out between 2014 and 2021 on the graves of Phaselis necropolis and teritorium graves; a total of 897 graves; 849 in the city necropolis and 47 in the territory, were documented. In the central necropolis; sarcophagus, khamosorion, ostothek, urne, vaulted tombs, classical period grave structure, rock tombs, stone cists tombs and tile tombs, in the borders of the territory; sarcophagus, khamosorion, rock sarcophagus and ostothek types show diversity. The archaeological and epigraphic studies on the form scheme, architectural elements, and iconographic elements of the tomb monuments are discussed by considering the similar and different elements between the city and the chora. As a result of the first systematic studies on the tombs of Phaselis, it was revealed that cremation burial tradition was used as a common burial practice in addition to inhumation burials, and analogy monuments were provided eşik e studies in Lycia, Pamphylia and Pisidia in terms of both grave types and burial practices. Since the graves in the city's territory include the grave monuments found during the ten years of research, it is predicted that new settlements and grave monuments will be discovered in the teritorium and new graves will be added to the study area. In the light of archaeological and epigraphic remains, it has been determined that the necropolis of Phaselis was used continuously from the Classical Period to the Eastern Roman Period. In addition to the grave monument dated to the Classical Period, the Late Classical Period grave inscriptions and the two necropolis chapels identified indicate that the burial areas were used over a period of approximately one thousand years. In the teritorium till now the graves identified are dated to the II and III century AD.