Investigation of the production stages of the terracotta roof tiles found in Phokaia excavations and producing a sample roof tile

Although the history of the roof tiles is not as old as the shelter needs of humans, they have come to the present day due to the need of people to protect themselves from external factors. Despite using of different materials such as wood for covering the top of the shelters in the beginning, the long-lasting use of ceramic tiles is the main reason why people have been using this material for a long time and nowadays. The increase in the use of ceramic tiles since the 7th century BC continued due to the ease of adaptation of the ceramic material to the cultural aesthetic understanding, the differences in use due to geographical conditions and the requiremetns of religious beliefs (temples). Ceramic tiles, which were named as Corinth, Laconia and Sicilia according to where they made in ancient times, are still known by the same names today. Studies or information on the examination of ceramic tile types and production techniques are very limited. In this study, research of many ceramic tile types unearthed in the excavations in the Phokaia Region and sample production applications made by explaining these types are presented. Key words: Roof Tiles, Ceramic, Phokaia