Evaluation of the relationship of serum mots-c regulations withexercise, nutrition and metabolic parameters in the development ofprediabetity and type 2 diabetes

Diabetes is a state of hyperglycemia caused by insufficient insulin secretion or insulin resistance. MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded from 12S rRNA in mitochondrial DNA and referred to as the mitochondrial open reading frame of 12S rRna-type c. MOTS-c has a protective role in the progression of diabetes by regulating insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid homeostasis. Taking into consideration the aforementioned information, it was aimed to examine the changes in MOTS-c levels between individuals without diabetes, prediabetes and diabetes, and to evaluate the correlations of this peptide with anthropometric measurements, physical activity status, nutritional status and routine biochemistry results. In this study, individuals with fasting blood glucose <100 mg/dl were included in the control group, individuals with 100-125 mg/dl were included in the prediabetes group and individuals with ≥126 mg/dl were included in the diabetes group. Individuals' demographic information, anthropometric measurements, metabolic status, nutritional status, physical activity status and diabetes self-efficacy scores were evaluated by conducting a 37-question questionnaire. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using an autoanalyzer to determine fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, urea, creatinine, GFR, AST, ALT, sodium, potassium, and hemoglobin values. Furthermore, the MOTS-c peptide level was measured using the ELISA method. Upon evaluation of the results, it was found that increasing age, low education level, being married and not working in any job were effective in the development of prediabetes and diabetes. Besides, the diabetic group exhibited higher levels of weight, waist circumference, and BMI. Moreover, a lack of emphasis on physical activity is noticeable among individuals with prediabetes and diabetes. Furthermore, individuals with diabetes display a lower tendency to skip meals. In terms of dietary patterns, diabetic individuals tend to consume higher quantities of bread, milk, and cheese. While fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, LDL and urea levels were found to be higher in the prediabetes and diabetes group, on the contrary, HDL and GFR levels were found to be lower. It is worth to note that especially metabolic syndrome increases significantly with the development of prediabetes and diabetes, moreover, serum MOTS-c levels of individuals with prediabetes and diabetes are lower than healthy individuals. MOTS-c also showed an inverse relationship with age and waist circumference. A positive correlation was observed between MOTS-c and the amount of bread, rice/pasta, egg, milk group, and vegetables consumed daily, while a negative correlation was realized between MOTS-c and the amount of cheese, meat and nuts consumed. Finally, a negative correlation was found between MOTS-c and fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL. These findings show that MOTS-c has an important role in the development of prediabetes, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.