Premalign/malign stomach lesions TRPM2 progression

Gastric cancer is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and ranks third in cancer-related deaths. According to the 2017 data of the Public Health Institution of Turkey, Cancer Department, stomach cancer is the 5th most common cancer in men and the 6th in women in Turkey. The transient potential receptor melastatin-2 (TRPM2) channel has emerged as a significant Ca2+ signaling mechanism in various cells, contributing to cellular functions such as cytokine production, insulin release, cell mobility, and cell death. The TRP ion channel TRPM2 plays a fundamental role in cell survival. It is highly expressed in various cancers including breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancer, melanoma, and leukemia, suggesting that it supports the survival of the cancer cell. This study aims to investigate the role of TRPM2 ion channel progression in the diagnosis and grading of benign, premalignant, and malignant stomach tissues. In our study, there was a positive correlation between stomach adenocarcinomas and TRPM2 immunoreactivity, and this correlation was statistically significant. However, when grade 3 adenocarcinomas were compared to grade 1 and 2 adenocarcinomas, a significant decrease was observed. No significant difference was observed in the comparison between grade 1 and 2 adenocarcinomas. Gastric samples (biopsies and radical resections) from the archives of the Pathology Department of Fırat University from the years 2015-2020 will be retrospectively scanned. Blocks and slides for 20 controls, 20 premalignant (intestinal metaplasia) cases, and 60 "Gastric Adenocarcinoma" diagnosed patients (20 grade I, 20 grade II, and 20 grade III) will be selected. After confirming the diagnoses, 4-micrometer thick sections will be taken from the blocks of the cases and immunohistochemical staining for TRPM2 immunoreactivity will be performed. The evaluation will be done under a light microscope. The staining grade will be determined based on the spread and severity and will be graded as a histoscore. (Histoscore= Prevalence x Severity)