Energy, exergy and environmental performance analysis of vapor compression cooling systems using new generation refrigerants as alternatives to R404A and R410A

In accordance with technological advancements and mounting energy requirements, cooling systems boast a broad spectrum of applications, encompassing industrial processes and air conditioning systems, among numerous other applications. Nevertheless, the refrigerants utilised in these systems have given rise to considerable concerns with regard to their environmental impact and efficiency over time. It is evident that the elevated global warming potential (GWP) of conventional refrigerants, in conjunction with their deleterious impact on the ozone layer, has precipitated an augmented necessity for sustainable cooling solutions. In recent years, legislative developments and technological innovations aimed at mitigating these adverse effects have catalyzed the evolution of more environmentally sustainable and energy-efficient refrigerants. In this context, the utilization of novel generation refrigerants offers substantial contributions with regard to energy efficiency and environmental impact. The present study investigates the usability of R454C, R452A and R449A as alternatives to R404A, and of R454B, R452B and R463A as alternatives to R410A, which are planned to be restricted in the future, in vapour compression refrigeration systems. In the present study, energy, exergy and environmental impact (LCCP) analyses were performed for each refrigerant at a condenser temperature of 40 °C, with evaporator temperatures ranging from -25 to +5 °C. The results of these analyses were then compared. The results of the analyses indicate that R454C and R449A fluids, which demonstrate high energy and exergy efficiency and exhibit comparable high LCCP values to those of R404A, are among the most effective alternatives. Furthermore, R454B and R452B fluids, which exhibit similarly elevated LCCP values in comparison to R410A fluid (a widely utilised component in air conditioning systems), demonstrate analogous outcomes.