Microbial treatment of mixed pharmaceuticals in contaminated rivers in Ramadi city

The current study was aimed at identifying and isolating bacterial strains that have the ability to degrade pharmaceuticals, which will help reduce contamination. During the period of time between January 2022 and June 2022, a total of 110 samples were collected at regular intervals from the effluents of three hospitals in the city of Ramadi: the General Hospital, the Pediatric Hospital, and the Maternity Hospital. Water samples were obtained from the surface waters of the river after discharge from the hospital at depths ranging from 30 to 40 cm. The results showed two types of isolation: single bacterial isolates 32 (29.1%) and Mixed bacterial isolates 78 (70.9%). Isolate percentages of E. coli, P. mirabilis, Klebsiella spp. Staphylococcus spp. Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were 100%, 8.2%, 31.8%, 19.1%, 35.5%, and 4.5%, respectively. In regard to the genetic analysis, a multiplex PCR approach was utilized in order to validate the existence of the 16S rRNA gene. The presence of a single band at a certain molecular weight was what allowed for the identification of the gene. 232 base pairs, 1250 base pairs, 1500 base pairs, and 791 base pairs make up the 16SrRNA marker for E. coli and Klebsiella species, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus spp. Respectively. Regarding, biodegradation, Trimethoprim showed a strong resistance to biodegradation, as none of the bacteria tested were able to break it down.