Investigation of factors determining rational individuals' preferences in economic actions(Within the framework of the thoughts of eastern and western thinkers)

Determining our individual decisions in accordance with the principles of reason has been the most emphasized issue of Western societies since the Enlightenment period. Rationality has become a motto of the West. The name of intelligent behavior in the scientific literature is to act rationally, away from tradition and sensuality. Rationality is defined in the broadest sense as the rationality of man in his choices and actions. In other words, rationality is the process of choosing the most effective means to achieve certain goals. However, rational behavior is not a one-dimensional but a multidimensional and complex process. Only from the choice of means to gain interest and success, from idealistic to mere materialistic behavior; by combining both elements, it is diversified and differentiated from idealistic attitude to materialistic one. At the end of purposive rational actions, some patologies rises up like alienation, reification, abstraction, loss of meaning, loss of freedom, loss of motivation and legitimacy crises. At this point, the concept of practical rationality will reduce the severity of the related pathologies and serve to create a more human and social environment. In other words, people, institutions and the state will use the concepts of justice, morality and virtue while using reason. In this study, we tried to contribute to the evolution of today's social structure on an intellectual basis by expanding the elements feeding the concept of practical rationality within the framework of the thinkers of both Western and Eastern worlds.