Effect of fig (Ficus carica) seed oil on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the widely used antitumor drugs and its side effects include cardiotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of fig seed oil (FSO),which is reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. For this purpose, 32 rats were used and the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, each consisting of 8 rats: Control group, FSO group, DOX group, FSO+DOX group. At the end of the 14-day trial, blood samples were taken and the heart was removed for histopathological evaluation. CK-MB, AST, LDH activities and triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL levels in the serum of rats were performed using an autoanalyzer, and MDA, AOPP, GSH, TNF-alpha and IL-6 analyses were performed using ELISA using appropriate rat kits. LDL levels were calculated with the formula. In addition, heart tissue was examined histopathologically. In the histopathological examination of heart tissues of rats in the DOX group, severe hyaline degeneration, necrosis, edema in the interstitial spaces and severe hyperemia in the interstitial vessels were detected in cardiac myocytes. In the FSO+DOX group, mild degeneration in cardiac myocytes and hyperemia in the vessels were detected, but no necrosis was observed. As a result of biochemical analyses, CK-MB (p<0.0001), LDH (p<0.01), AST (p<0.01), triglyceride (p<0.05), total cholesterol (p<0.01), LDL (p<0.01), MDA (p<0.001), AOPP (p<0.001), TNF-α (p<0.0001) levels decreased in the FSO+DOX group compared to the DOX group, while HDL (p<0.01) and GSH (p<0.0001) levels were statistically increased. In conclusion; The use of FSO decreased elevated cardiac enzymes, regulated the deteriorated lipid profile, and reduced increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, it can be said that FSO has potential cardioprotective effects in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity due to its antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antihyperlipidemic properties. However, additional studies are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of FSO in clinical applications.