Examination of cytotoxicity of resin-based glass ionomer cements by cell culture method

Aim: The aim of our study is to investigate the cytotoxic properties of various contemporary resin-containing glass ionomer cements using cell culture in an in vitro culture. In addition, the study aims to compare the cytotoxicity of these resin-modified glass ionomer cements with that of a commonly preferred conventional glass ionomer cement available on the market. Materials and Methods: There was no statistically significant difference in cell viability values between the Nord Liner and Ionoseal materials (p = 0.765). However, time-dependent mean cell viability values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). The dose effect on mean cell viability values was also statistically significant (p<0.001). Furthermore, the interaction among material, dose, and time showed a statistically significant effect on mean cell viability values (p<0.001). The highest cell viability value was observed in the Espe Ketac Molar Easymix material at a 25% dose after 24 hours, with a value of 108.47. In contrast, the lowest viability value was recorded as 7.14 in the Glass Line material at a 100% dose after 24 hours. Results: Among the materials whose cytotoxicity was determined, the Glass Line glass ionomer cement showed an average cell viability percentage of 56.83%, Espe Ketac Molar Easymix had 69.24%, and Ionosit Baseliner showed 39.76% all of which were found to be statistically significantly cytotoxic (p<0.001). In contrast, Nord Liner showed a cell viability of 91.43% and Ionoseal showed 92.35%, and in these groups, the cytotoxic effect was not statistically significant. The average values of cell viability over time were also found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). The interaction between material, dose, and time on average cell viability values was also found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). The highest cell viability value was 108.47%, observed with Espe Ketac Molar Easymix at 25% concentration and 24 hours. The lowest viability value was 7.14%, observed with Glass Line at 100% concentration and 24 hours. Conclusion: It was observed that among the tested materials, Nord Liner and Ionoseal did not induce a statistically significant cytotoxic effect, exhibiting similar cell viability rates; however, all materials demonstrated an increase in cytotoxicity in a time and dose dependent manner. Keywords: Cytotoxicity, resin glass ionomer, cell culture, MTT, biocompatibility