The roles of non-governmental organizations in social integration of refugees within the framework of ecosystem approach

The world is currently experiencing one of the most significant refugee crises since World War II, with countries forcing millions of people to flee and seek refuge in other nations. Türkiye is among the nations profoundly affected by this humanitarian exodus, hosting the largest number of refugees globally. Using semi-structured interviews, the study investigates the conceptual understanding of refugee integration among International and local NGOs. It delves into the services and support provided by these organizations to facilitate refugee integration into Turkish society. Additionally, the research uncovers the major challenges faced by NGOs and refugee and refugee children throughout the integration process, shedding light on how these NGOs navigate and address these challenges. The research findings highlight the diverse interpretations of integration existing among INGOs and NGOs, primarily grounded in the philosophy of harmonization and social cohesion. Moreover, the temporary nature of refugee regulations and the absence of any comprehensive integration policy poses challenges for NGOs in implementing programs and activities towards integration. The confluence of factors such as a shortage of funds, the impact of COVID-19, and February 6, 2023, earthquake has not only hindered ongoing integration efforts but has also compelled NGOs to redirect their focus towards addressing fundamental facilities. The study recommends a reassessment of existing refugee laws and harmonization policies, emphasizing the necessity of aligning them with the changing needs of refugees. The recommendation calls for a comprehensive and organized strategy to enhance the process of refugee integration in Türkiye. Keywords: Ecosystem Theory, INGOs & NGOs, Refugee, Social Integration, Social Work, Türkiye.