"The education system in Russia and the development of open and distance learning (ODL) from initial to 2019".

When controlled, the lack of literary texts in education system of Russian Federation Education System and Open and Distanced Education (ODE) and the lack of texts in Turkish all around the world and Turkey can be seen. In the historical process of development of Distanced Education, examining the practices in Russian Educational System's advantages, the process of practice and the effects of this process would be beneficial. Considering the fact that Russia, which has a very long and rich history in culture, language, literature and art, has the largest geographical area; it is useful to know their own practices and the technologies tried to be developed of Russian Open and Distanced Education. Because of the fact that Russia isn't spoken as a common language the findings obtained with this research, with the help of taking into account the developing processes of ODE and criterion of practices, contributions to the Open and Distanced Education of the World and Turkey are important. The developing process of Open and Distanced Education (ODE) in Russian Federation has own characteristics which come from the geographical magnitude. Therefore, the development of the Education System in Russia and the Open and Distanced Education can be divided into three periods. The first period; attempts on open education practice from the beginning to 1920. Second period; it is the largest open education system in the world called "open education - zaoçnoe obuçeniye" which was applied between 1920 and 1990. The third period is the modern "Distanced Education - distansionnoye obuçeniye" practice, which was implemented after 1990, based on the use of information and communication technologies. Key words: Open and Distanced Education, Russian Education System, Open and Distance Education in Russia, zaoçnoe obuçeniye, distansionnoye obuçeniye.