A theoretical approach to lighting design and optimization in art galleries

This thesis approaches lighting design in art galleries not merely as a technical requirement, but as a holistic design element that determines the perceptual, aesthetic, and experiential dimensions of the space. The aim of the research is to develop a multi-dimensional optimization approach that evaluates the physical criteria of light (illuminance level, color temperature, color rendering, light direction) and its qualitative effects (contrast, shadow-form balance, visual comfort). The study examines the effects of lighting on the perception of the artwork, spatial identity, and viewer experience in art galleries; it is demonstrated that the correct lighting setup is of critical importance not only in terms of visual performance and energy efficiency, but also for the preservation of the artworks and maintaining their aesthetic integrity. In this context, three different lighting scenarios were designed using DIALux Evo and Autodesk 3ds Max software: general lighting consisting of only diffuse fixtures, accent lighting created with spot and wallwasher fixtures, and a hybrid system using both. The analysis results show that merely increasing the illuminance level is not sufficient; The study demonstrated that light direction, color temperature, color rendering (CRI), and control systems must be evaluated holistically. It was determined that fixtures with a CRI above 90 are critical for color accuracy; placement parallel to the wall reduces reflection and glare; and spotlights directed at a 30° angle enhance the volumetric perception on sculpture surfaces. A hybrid approach was found to provide the most balanced results in terms of both homogeneous light distribution and work-focused emphasis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that lighting in art galleries is more than a technical necessity; it is a design tool that shapes spatial identity, curatorial narrative, and audience experience. It proposes a unique model that establishes a sustainable relationship between energy efficiency, visual comfort, and aesthetic balance using digital simulation tools.