The role of stone mills in the traditional urban fabric of savur and conservation issues

The Traditional Water Architecture encompasses techniques and structures developed throughout history for the control, storage, and utilization of water. Essential components of this architectural tradition include aqueducts, cisterns, fountains, irrigation channels, and millstones. Among these, stone mills hold a distinctive place as functional structures directly interacting with water, while simultaneously utilizing its energy as a source. Stone mills are typically defined as traditional structures crafted from natural stone blocks, primarily used for grinding grains, featuring simple mechanical functionality. These mills have played a significant role in agricultural production throughout history. Beyond their utilitarian purpose, traditional stone mills are regarded as integral components of architectural and cultural heritage. Their initial prototypes are believed to have originated in antiquity, specifically in regions such as Mesopotamia and Anatolia. Initially comprising hand mills, these systems gradually evolved into larger and more functional mechanical constructs. During the Middle Ages, techniques unique to Anatolia enriched the technological and architectural elements of these mills, further establishing their significance within local agricultural economies and their central role in social and cultural life. Although stone mills have lost much of their importance over time, they are still utilized in certain areas for traditional local production processes. However, many of these structures have lost their functionality and are now recognized as significant historical artifacts requiring conservation and exhibition. This necessity calls for the development of modern utilization methods and preservation approaches for stone mills. The stone mills of Savur, as a part of this historical evolution, have contributed to the agricultural and architectural progress of the region. This study aims to examine the roles of stone mills within the historical, architectural, and societal context of Savur's urban fabric. By assessing their spatial placement, architectural characteristics, and preservation status within the city, the study seeks to document their historical significance and current state. In doing so, the intention is to highlight stone mills not merely as silent witnesses of the past, but as pivotal elements shaping the identity of the city and serving as essential cultural heritage to be carried into the future.