Investigation of behavior at different temperatures of digital printing inks used in ceramic tile production

The transfer of any picture, shape or design onto a surface without deterioration is called printing. In ceramics, printing is the transfer of the pattern onto the surface. The computer, which forms the basis of digital technology, is a tool we use while creating the design. The way of transferring the digital images of photographs, pictures and designs prepared on computers and scanners onto ceramic surfaces pictorially has an important place in the art of ceramics. In the sector and/or market, products are generally produced with customer demand. However, it is necessary to introduce innovative products to the market without customer demand and to design new products in order to be at the forefront of the market. New product development activities in the ceramics industry; dimensions, thickness, pattern and the development of the thermal, mechanical physical properties of the surface. In the past, it was very difficult to make the desired printing on the ceramic surface, but with the development of ink-jet printing systems, ceramic printing has had many advantages both in terms of cost and visually. The firing colors of digital printing inks generally vary depending on the oven temperature, the glaze content of the floor and wall tiles. Many metal oxides are used as glaze components. Lithium oxide, boron oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and antimony oxide inhibit the coloration of all inks, so they should not be used as glaze ingredients. If they are to be used, they should be kept to a minimum. Thus, there will be no differences in digital printing inks sintered at 1070°C or 1205°C. In this thesis, the colors of SD8803N coded coffee and SD2208N coded yellow paints, which are used in the production of ceramic tiles, are observed after firing in the floor tile furnace (1190-1205 °C) and the wall tile furnace (1070-1090 °C), and their changes are investigated. In addition, EDX, XPS analyzes were made and the chemical formulas of printing inks were tried to be determined. According to the EDX analysis results, it is thought that the possible formula of yellow digital printing ink is (Pr-Ba-Cd)-ZrSiO4 and red brown digital printing ink is FeZnCrOx.