Punishment in the Qur'an in the context of the relation of Siret Nuzul

This study includes the analysis of the penal system that started with the history of humanity, together with the content of the Holy Quran and the Sunnah, and its applications in the seerah. The study consists of an introduction and three sections. In the first section, concepts related to the relationship between punishment and crime; in the second section, crime and punishment in the Quran; in the third section, in the context of the seerah-revelation, the effects of punishment and punishment in the Quran in transforming society, in other words, its role in keeping people away from crimes and sins in terms of deterrence, justice in punishment and judgment; practices such as misl, etc. are emphasized. Through examples of punishment and destruction in the Quran, the consequences that falling into similar mistakes will have on people are revealed, and in this context, the purpose of the terhib method is analyzed. The contribution of progressing on the path opened by prophets leading to goodness and righteous people shown as examples in the Quran to social peace has been addressed within the framework of the targhib method and the importance of this approach has been emphasized. The study has taken as a basis the fact that the promises and verses containing promises in the Quran improve society spiritually and reveal the test of man with the way it deals with the concept of punishment. In addition, it has been revealed that İslâm has positively affected humanity regarding the Prophet's judgment of the society of ignorance and the implementation of punishment; and that Christians and other religions are mistaken in their assumptions regarding İslâm and therefore the Prophet's religious practices. When the material and moral boundaries of punishments and sanctions are not clearly determined, the law enforcement force is inadequate in ensuring social peace. In this system where the moral dimension of expiation punishments, such as freeing slaves, is focused on the benefit of society, it reveals that punishment is multidimensional. For this reason, in the study where the relationship between sirat and nuzul is addressed in terms of punishment, the penal practices of actions that are effective from social peace to the hush of worship are examined. In addition, according to the application principles and conditions for crimes that negatively affect social order such as adultery, theft, lian-qazf, zihar, stoning, qisas, expiations, blood-money, interest, alcohol, idolatry, gambling, apostasy, disrupting military order, breaking one's word, cheating, swearing, murder, wounding, intent, mistake, deterrent measures for reducing and preventing crime rates are conveyed with the results that justice is properly applied and processed. It was reminded that although man is a social being, he is created as a responsible being and that he is subject to the provisions regarding servitude, worship and transactions. Although it is understood that the universal provisions of the Quran regarding punishment are of a basic nature, it is seen that it does not give much space to details and leaves the details to the seerah according to the events experienced during the time of the Prophet. Accordingly, in order to see the approach of the Quran and the Sunnah towards the concepts of crime, punishment and reward in Islam, it is examined which actions are accepted as crimes and sins and what kind of punishments are considered appropriate for these actions. Since all dimensions of the subject of crime and punishment have a wide framework in Islamic law, this study examines the basic crimes, punishments, crime prevention measures and the effects of expiations in the Quran on society. Keywords: Tafsir, Punishment, Reward, Terhib-Terghib, Sîret-Nüzûl.