Human/animal discrimination and autoimmunity in the context of political sociology

This study focuses on the analysis of the founding thinkers of political philosophy and political sociology and the discussion of human nature, which is the starting point of social organization in their texts, especially on the relationship between society and politics. It is desired to draw attention to the nature-human-animal distinctions, which are reflected in the formulas of human nature, which the mentioned texts speculate to have existed in the prehistoric period, and that social organization can only be established by leaving human nature, leaving the natural state-coming civil state. In our study, which claims that making definitions is the task of clarifying the distinction between existing concepts, it is argued that the difference between human and animal has a place in the discussions of human nature in the founding texts of political sociology. In particular, the classical period thinkers did not see the concepts of law-politics-morality as separate things, but the modern period thinkers separated the concepts of law-politics-nature from each other, which draws the roadmap of the historical moment in question. For this purpose, the transformation that emerged between the classical and modern period thinkers in a chronological order is followed and the canonical texts of these thinkers are examined within the framework of human nature. On this occasion, it is aimed to show the relationship that includes and excludes in the definitions of globalization, the idea of eternal peace, which has an important place in today's socio-political organization, and concepts such as cosmopolitanism that emerged with this idea. To exclude while contain or to fight against itself is likened to auto-immunity in the medical literature, which describes a group of diseases in which the immune system sees itself as a pathogen of itself and tries to destroy it. It is argued that it is paradoxical that the sovereignty claimed for natural or legal reasons is established through animal figures, which are frequently used in political texts, and that it takes place in these texts that specifically define human nature as different from the nature of all other living beings. In order to set a precedent for the sovereign, the animal figures are shelved after the civil situation is established, but figuratively recalled so that the sovereignty, which is at risk in situations such as civil wars, natural disasters, epidemics, reminiscent of the turmoil in the natural state, so that the sovereignty can be re-established on a solid ground, fictionally struggling against itself It is like an auto-immune disease. In the last instance, it describes that the distinction between human and animal does not take place in the fictional nature of man, that this nature must include all animal species along with man, otherwise the struggle that can be waged with this nature is a war waged by man against himself. It is argued that the idea of eternal peace, which is an idea of the Enlightenment Period, can only be possible with the establishment of human-animal-nature unity, not human-animal separation.