An investigation of the basic psychological needs and happiness levels of students in sports high schools and other high schools

Purpose: This study aims to determine the levels of basic psychological needs and happiness among students attending sports and general high schools, to compare these variables based on demographic characteristics, and to examine the effect of basic psychological needs on happiness. Material and Method: The research was conducted using a relational survey model. The sample consisted of 573 students (361 males, 212 females) studying at different types of high schools in the city center of Erzincan. The Basic Psychological Needs Scale and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire–Short Form were used as data collection tools. After controlling for outliers and confirming the assumptions for parametric tests, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, post hoc tests, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses were applied. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 25 at a significance level of .05. Results: The results showed that students' levels of basic psychological needs and happiness did not differ significantly by gender, grade level, or parental status. However, significant differences were found based on school type, reason for school preference, and participation in sports. Students attending sports high schools, those who are licensed athletes, and those involved in school sports reported higher levels of basic psychological needs and happiness. A positive and significant correlation was found between basic psychological needs and happiness. Moreover, basic psychological needs were found to predict 38.8% of the variance in happiness. Conclusion: Satisfying basic psychological needs plays a crucial role in enhancing adolescents' happiness. Factors such as participation in sports activities, parental influence in school preference, and school type emerge as key determinants in meeting students' psychological needs and enhancing their happiness. School-based guidance services and sport-oriented practices that support the satisfaction of students' psychological needs may significantly contribute to their overall well-being.