Modernization of The Tuvan folk music in the post-Soviet era

The folk music of people of Tuva, which are a branch of the Turkic groups that has been practiced for centuries, is considered as an example of modernizing traditional music. Tuva folk music is, rather than the mechanistic structures, it's when the singer, especially without playing any musical instruments performs the music using mouth, throat, lips, tongue and other organs. This style of performance is also expressed as "Höömei", "Tuvan throat singing" or "Hörekter". Another feature of Tuva the Throat Songs is that the singer can simultaneously produce two to five different music sounds at the same time. "Tuva Höömei", also known as "throat music" in the world, has begun to take steps towards modernization with the increasing interaction with rock music since the mid-1980's. The USSR regime of the period defined it as a popular culture without a special policy against this type of music and accepted it also as a popular music. Songs were then sung in both Tuvanian and English. Later, the international audience of the music is increased and the number of world researchers and musicians interested in this music is increased as well. In spite of successful examples, there have been problems for about half a century during the modernization process of these traditional folk songs. In this thesis, it is focused on the modernization process of Tuvan folk music. In the post-USSR era, the development of Tuva folk music as modern music is examined and the concept of "modernization" that is mentioned in anthropological, cultural and historical studies is also included into the analysis.