Effect of different exercise applications with apple cider vinegar supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers and adiponectin betatrophin and irisin in rats induced with streptozotocin diabetes

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of apple cider vinegar supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers and adiponectin, betatropin and irisin levels in Wistar Albino rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The study was conducted on a total of 80 rats with 8 rats in each group (n=8) and the rats were randomly distributed into 10 different groups. The groups consisted of control, sham, diabetes, diabetes+supplementation, diabetes+low, moderate and high intensity treadmill exercise, diabetes+supplementation+low, moderate and high intensity treadmill exercise. Diabetes model was established with streptozotocin in the diabetic groups, and apple cider vinegar was given to the supplement groups by gavage. After the adaptation period, low, moderate and high intensity treadmill exercises were applied to the exercise groups for 4 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were analyzed by ELISA method. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences between the groups and Tukey test was used for post hoc analysis. The findings of the study showed that diabetic rats had significant impairments in adiponectin, betatrophin, irisin, IL-6, TNF-α, AST, ALT, insulin compared to the healthy control group. Apple cider vinegar supplementation alone was found to significantly improve biomarkers such as betatrophin, IL-6, TNF-α, AST, ALT and insulin in diabetic rats. In diabetic rats subjected to exercise, improvements were observed in certain biomarkers, and it was determined that low and moderate intensity exercise had more favorable effects than high intensity exercise. Similarly, significant improvements in some biomarkers were found in the diabetic groups in which apple cider vinegar and exercise were administered together, and it was concluded that low- and moderate-intensity exercise was more beneficial than high-intensity exercise. In conclusion, apple cider vinegar supplementation, exercise and the combination of these two interventions showed positive effects on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic rats. However, it can be said that low- and moderate-intensity exercise interventions are more effective than high-intensity exercise and should be preferred.