Effect of sugammadex on kidney ischemia reperfusion damage

Aim: Ischemia is defined as the loss of perfusion to the tissues. Both ischemia and reperfusion following ischemia can cause tissue damage. Free oxygen radicals are the end products of reactions occurring in the ichemic tissue. As reperfusion is achieved, inflammatory molecules and mediators formed as a result of endothelium-leukocyte interactions pass into the systemic circulation, causing reperfusion injury. Sugammadex is a modified ɣ-cyclodextrin molecule widely used in anesthesia applications. The neuroprotective effects of cyclodextrins have been demonstrated in various studies. However, its effect on renal ischemic reperfusion injury has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, the effect of sugammadex on histopathological changes caused by renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats and on oxidant and pro-inflammatory cytokines that play a role in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia reperfusion injury were evaluated. Materials and methods: In our study, 24 adult male Wistar Albino rats were used. Experimental animals were divided into 4 groups: healthy group (HG), renal ischemia reperfusion group (RIR), 4 mg/kg sugammadex applied renal ischemia reperfusion group (SIR4), and 16 mg/kg sugammadex applied renal ischemia reperfusion group (SIR16). The adaptation of rats were ensured by providing with nutrition under suitable conditions. After anesthesia administration, experimental groups were created. Specific surgical procedures were performed for each group, followed by the renal tissue and blood sample collection. Data were evaluated via histopathological examination and biochemical analyses. Obtained data were analyzed using statistical methods and the results were considered statistically significant for p<0.05. Findings: In our study, the differences between biochemical and histopathological findings between the groups were examined. In the biochemical analyses, no statistical difference was found between the HG group and the RIR, SIR4 and SIR16 groups in terms of IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-kß and MDA values. However, while tGSH values were low in the RIR, SIR4 and SIR16 groups, urea and creatinine values were found to be higher. Although tGSH values in the RIR and SIR4 groups were statistically lower than those in the HG group, urea and creatinine values were found to be higher (P<0.05). Urea and creatinine values in the SIR4 and SIR16 groups were also found to be significantly lower than the RIR group (P<0.05). In histopathological examinations, hemorrhagic areas and necrosis were generally observed in 4 the RIR group, while a more normal appearance was observed in the SIR4 and SIR16 groups. Comparisons between groups revealed statistically significant differences. Results: In this study, the effect of sugammadex on renal ischemia reperfusion injury was examined. Although in varying doses sugammadex did not create a significant difference in biochemical parameters, we found that it reduced the histopathological damage and even prevented the damage in higher doses.