Investigation of the causes of damage and default in the walls: The example of Trabzon Ortahisar walls

In this study, it is discussed that many physical, chemical and biological factors are effective on stones and how these deteriorations occur. In this way, the main reason for the deterioration was determined, and suggestions were aimed to preserve the originality of Orta Hisar fortification walls, which were considered in this context, for many years. This study consists of three parts. In the first part, castle structures, stone deterioration and types were investigated in general. In the second part, the periodical history and architectural features of Trabzon Castle were investigated, the Ortahisar Walls were examined, and the damage types and causes on the city walls were determined in the literature researches and the application examples; In order to better understand these damage types and causes, damage analysis tables have been created. In the third part, the damage analysis table was tested on the selected facades, and the damage types and causes of these facades were examined within the scope of the findings, and each facade was evaluated under four main headings. In the fourth part, the examined damage types have been evaluated for all facades under four main headings and suggestions have been tried to be developed for the necessary interventions in the future.