Science and 19th century in Turkish poetry from tanzimat to until second constitutional monarchy

In the 19th century, science and technology entered a period of significant development. Scientific and technological breakthroughs in the West caught the attention of the Ottoman Empire, which embarked on various reform movements to incorporate these developments into the country. The modernization movements that followed, in particular, during and after the Tanzimat reforms, were a period in which interest in Western science and technology was clearly observable. Literary figures of the period expressed their admiration for Western science and technology in their works across a variety of genres. The aim of this study is to identify elements related to science and the 19th century in poems written between the Tanzimat reforms and the Second Constitutional Era, and to reveal how these elements were incorporated into Turkish poetry. While the focus of this study is on poetry, a general overview of their writings and works outside of poetry has also been utilized to better understand the perspectives of these writers on Western science, technology, and the 19th century. The influence of the 19th-century understanding of science and progress is evident in the poems written during this period. Science and the 19th Concepts and themes related to the century are frequently explored in poetry. Poets sometimes wrote poems directly addressing scientific and technological developments, while at other times they extolled science and its qualities, encouraging society to work in this direction. Poems offering evidence for the existence and power of the Creator, drawing on various branches of science, particularly astronomy, poems addressing Islam's relationship with science, and poems addressing the Ottoman Empire's educational and technical advancements in the 19th century are notable themes of this period.