The moderating role of institutional forces in the impact of supply chain capabilities on supply chain performance: An application in the aviation sector

This study investigates the impact of supply chain capabilities on supply chain performance within the corporate aviation sector, emphasizing the moderating role of institutional forces. Specifically, the research examines how agility, adaptability, and alignment—key supply chain capabilities—interact with institutional forces, particularly the legal/regulatory framework and government support, to influence aviation supply chain performance. To assess overall effectiveness, performance was evaluated across three dimensions derived from the systems approach: efficiency, reliability, and flexibility. The research population comprises commercial aviation enterprises licensed by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation in Türkiye and active as of 2024. Due to time and resource constraints, convenience sampling was employed, yielding 203 valid responses. Data were collected through a structured survey aligned with a quantitative research design. The questionnaire consisted of two sections: the first measured supply chain capabilities, institutional forces, and supply chain performance, while the second captured demographic information about participants and their organizations. Responses were recorded on a five-point Likert scale, and data analysis was conducted at a 95% confidence level. Reliability of the measurement scales was confirmed using Cronbach's Alpha coefficients. The empirical findings provide statistical evidence that institutional forces significantly moderate the relationship between supply chain capabilities and supply chain performance in the aviation industry. The results highlight that enhancing agility, adaptability, and alignment is essential for aviation stakeholders seeking to achieve superior supply chain performance under evolving institutional conditions.