Teknolojinin istihdam üzerindeki etkisi

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between employment level and technologies, where the study assesses the causal relationship in two categories: at the firm and sectoral basis, in the context of employment and wages, where was seen overall increases in employment and wages in high-tech manufacturing industries and a significant reduction in the number of low-skilled workers and in the routine-based occupations. The results showed that the effect of automation is not the same in all conditions, but it varies depending on the state development (developed or developing), the type of industry (manufacturing or service), the structure of the sector (high-tech or low-tech), the qualification of the workers (high-skilled or low-skilled), type of technology (labor intensive or capital intensive), the feature of technology (substitutional or complementary), the method of innovation (process or product), the duration implications (short term or long term) and some related measures such as globalization. Based on the aforementioned characteristics, we analyzed the impact of technology and a highly skilled workforce on employment and wages, in the manufacturing and service sectors of US and Turkey using the VAR model. The result showed that for Turkey, except for the category of employment in the manufacturing sector, out of 4 rankings, there was no long-term and causal relationship throughout the decade, however, for the USA, except for the category of wages in the manufacturing sector, out of 4 rankings, the explanatory power in 3 of them was a strong long-term and causal relationship, indicating that the impact of technology on employment and wages in developed countries is clearly positive compared to developing countries where it is ambiguous. Moreover, we analyzed the US textile industry in terms of employment and average wages. The results demonstrated that the positive impact of technology in absolute terms in a high-skilled occupation is higher than in a low-skilled one, which confirms the polarization of professions.