The social dimension of the belief of tawhid

Our study approaches Tawhid, the foundation of Islamic creed, not merely as a metaphysical principle but as a holistic social system-building principle encompassing life, with the aim of overcoming the current crisis of functionality in the science of Kalam. The central problem of our research lies in the inadequacy of classical Kalam literature in the face of modern challenges and the resulting weakening of the link between faith and life. Its objective is to demonstrate that Tawhid is not just a theoretical principle concerning the existence and oneness of Allah, but a comprehensive worldview that regulates human relations with Allah, the universe, and society, offering practical solutions in fields such as politics, law, economics, and ethics. The study consists of three main chapters: The first chapter examines the lexical and terminological meanings of Tawhid, its central position in the Qur'an, and its methodology of presentation, while analyzing the foundational role of the Tawhid of Uluhiyyah and Rububiyyah in the relationship between nature and society. The second chapter comparatively addresses the concept and types of Shirk—the opposite of Tawhid—and the moral decay and hierarchical disruption caused in social life by modern denialist currents such as atheism, deism, materialism, and positivism. The third chapter details the reflections of the belief in Tawhid on disciplines such as worldview, ethics, law, politics, economics, education, and art, revealing the transformative power of this principle on justice, freedom, and social solidarity. Ultimately, the reinterpretation of Tawhid within the integrity of faith, action, and ethics transforms it from a matter of individual conscience into a guiding supra-principle for social justice and social order. Furthermore, it confirms that the integration of Kalam with the social sciences to address contemporary issues is of vital importance.