Thermodynamic analysis of a direct-fired biomass power plant

This thesis presents a thermodynamic analysis of a 1.76-MWe direct-fired biomass power plant operating in Adana, Turkiye, which has been in operation since 2014 based on a steam cycle. The plant utilizes agricultural and forest residues to meet a portion of the factory's energy needs. The study follows a structured methodology, beginning with the collection of operational data, followed by thermodynamic balances for key components. Energy and exergy balances are applied to assess system performance comprehensively. These calculations are implemented using Engineering Equation Solver, a commercial software for engineering and thermodynamic modeling. Parametric studies for each system component are conducted for better system efficiency. The results provide insights into component-specific inefficiencies, offering guidance for system optimization and efficiency improvements. The first-law efficiency of the plant is calculated to be 16.5%, which is consistent with the literature data. Optimizing inlet pressures and temperatures of particularly the heat exchangers would enhance the plant performance higher. By identifying critical areas for enhancement, this research contributes to the sustainable operation and broader adoption of biomass-based power generation in Turkiye.