Determination of eating behaviour, attitude and life quality level of type 2 diabetic individuals

This study was planned to evaluate the disordered eating behaviour, quality of life, the nutritional status, biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study was conducted on 112 patients (54 male, 58 female) ages between 35-87 years old between March 2013 and May 2013. The nutritional status of the patients was determined by food-frequency questionnaire. Binge eating disorder of the patients was evaluated by test of BITE-Edinburg and night eating syndrome was evaluated by criterion of diagnosis of night eating syndrome. Anthropometric measurements and physical activity levels of the patients were determined and some biochemical parameters were also analyzed. Quality of life of the patients was assessed by SF-36 questionnaire. Mean duration of diabetes of the patients was 9.4±8.07 years and the 27.7% of the patients have complications. The 70.5% of the patients have co-morbid conditions, the 35.7% of them was HT, 14.3% of them was dyslipidemia. The evaluation of BMI of the patients, mean BMI of the male below 65 years old was 29.68±4.24 kg/m², mean BMI of the male 65 years old and above was 27.86±4.27 kg/m². Mean BMI of the female below 65 years old was 32.63±5.91 kg/m² and BMI of the female 65 years old and above was 31.39±4.31 kg/m². According to the classifications of BMI of WHO, evaluation of the patient 48.1% of the male patients was overweight, 38.9% was obese, the 24.1% of the female patients was overweight, 64.2% was obese. There were significant correlations between the BMI, percentage of body fat and waist circumstance of male and female patients (p<0.05). Patients' mean serum HbA1c levels was %7.6±2.03, mean total cholesterol levels in patients who use lipid lowering medicine was 204.9±70.34 mg/dl, in patients who don't use medicine was 207.4±44.31 mg/dl, LDL-cholesterol levels was in patients who use medicine was 120.1±55.44 mg/dl and in patients who don't use medicine 135.4±42.23 mg/dl, mean HDL-cholesterol levels was in patients who use medicine 42.9±11.30 mg/dl and in patients who don't use medicine was 44.2±10.70 mg/dl. Mean triglycerides levels was in patients who use medicine 263.7±236.72 mg/dl and in patients who don't use medicine 194.8±135.97 mg/dl, mean fasting glucose levels was 157.55±63.8 mg/dl. The level of serum cholesterol, LDL and TG of male patients were higher than female patients, level of serum HDL of male patients lower than female patients. According to quality of life of the patients, mean physical health scores was determined 55.3±21.92, but mean mental health scores was determined 72.9±19.88. According to the evaluation of the difference of gender, quality of life of females scores were lower than males. 46-55 years old individuals have the lowest physical health scores (52.6±20.15), 76 years old and above have the lowest mental health scores (67.1±21.73). Comparison to quality of life according to BMI, there were not significant difference in terms of mean score related to quality of life in patients have normal BMI and patients have high BMI. There were inversely statistically significant correlation between duration of diabetes with physical function, role limitation physical, energy, social function and summary mental health score. Binge eating (BE) in patients was existed 36.6% and BE was higher in female (41.4%) than male (31.5%). Night eating syndrome (NES) was existed 64.3% and again NES was higher in female (69%) than male (59.3%). Level of HbA1c was high in both patients who have BE and skip meal (p<0.05). Duration of diabetes was statistically higher in patients who have not BE than patients who have BE (p<0.05). According to evaluation between the difference of the quality of life based on the presence of BE, both summary physical health and summary mental health score in patients who have BE were lower than patients who haven't BE but there was not statistically significant difference between them (p>0.05). Waist circumferences, serum fasting glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels of patients who have NES were higher but only difference of serum TG level was statistically significant (p<0.05). According to the evaluation between the difference of the quality of life based on the presence of NES, both summary physical health, summary mental health score were lower in patient who have NES than patients who haven't NES but there were no statistically significant correlation (p>0.05). The evaluation of nutritional status of patients, daily energy intake was 1943.75±426.265 kcal for women and 2210.28±426.26 kcal for men, daily energy was derived from 40.87±5.91% of carbohydrate, 16.75±1.86 % of protein and 41.78±5.11% of fat. There were statistically significant differences between genders in terms of percentage of energy from the fat. Folic acid and vitamin E intake were insufficient from the other vitamins and also potassium intake was insufficient. Key words: Type 2 diabetes, binge eating syndrome, night eating syndrome, quality of life, nutrition