Investigation of the protective and therapeutic effects of thiamine in thioacetamide-induced liver injury

Liver damage; is a series of diseases that, including viral diseases, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and lubrication such as non-alcoholic steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and progress to cancer. There are many factors that affect the incidence of liver damage. These include sex, age, alcohol, aflatoxin, endogenous and exogenous hormones, diet, viral factors such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and parasitic infestations such as schistosomiasis; activities from the host such as obesity, immune function, hereditary diseases, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver. Experimentally used thioacetamide (TAA) is an important hepatotoxic substance. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is one of the important antioxidant substances. Tiamine protected against to damage of many tissues and organs particularly nervous system cells. The aim of this study is to examine therapeutic and prophylactic effects of TAA on thiamine induced liver damage. In this study, 50 male CD-1 mice, weighing 25-40 grams were used and mice were divided into 5 groups consisting of 10 each. Group 1 (Control group); they were fed with normal water for 2 months as adlibitum. Group 2 (Thiamine group); it was given as thiamine adlibitum in 50 mg / 100 ml water daily for 2 months. Group 3 (Prophylaxis group) was given adlibitum in 50 mg / 100 ml thiamine water for 1 month and at the end of this period, intraperitoneally, 200 mg / kg of thioacetamide (TAA) was given twice a week. Group 4 (Treatment group) was administered intraperitoneally twice weekly 200 mg / kg thioacetamide (TAA) for 1 month at the beginning of the study and adlibitum in 50 mg / 100 ml thiamine water after 1 month. Group 5 (TAA group) was intraperitoneally administered 200 mg / kg TAA twice a week for 2 months. At the end of the study, the mice were decapitated under anesthesia and liver tissue samples were taken for histopathological examination and blood samples for biochemical parameters. In serum samples, liver panel including bilirubin (BILEA), total bilirubin (TBIL), total protein (TP), alkaline phosphotase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alenin transaminase (ALT), albumin (ALB) tests were examined. During necropsy, it was observed that the liver in the TAA group became pale and the edges were swolen. Liver samples were evaluated histopathologically and immunohistochemically for caspase-3 expression. It was noticed that all the data examined in the liver panel in serum samples increased significantly in the TAA group. TAA caused severe degeneration and necrosis in the livers. When thiamine was administered after TAA application, it improved the biochemical, pathological and immunohistochemical findings. The results of this study showed that thiamine has little prophylactic effect, but a significant therapeutic effect in thioacetamide induced liver injury.