The effect of different mycorrhiza species and nutritional solution doses on the yield and quality of early cardinal grape variety in soilless culture

This research was planned to determine the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on reducing the amount of fertilizer used in soilless grape growing culture without yield and quality losses. In the study, Early Cardinal table grape variety grown in Zeolite:Cocopite (1:1, v/v) substrate mixture and four different mycorrhiza treatments ((Indigenous mix spores (Natural), Glomus etunicatum, Glomus clarum and control)) and three different doses of Hoagland nutrient solution (100%, 85% and 70%) were used. The highest grape yield and cluster weight values were goted in G.clarum (24.6 tons ha-1 and 221.2 g, respectively) and G. etunicatum (23.4 tons ha-1 and 210.5 g, respectively) mycorrhiza species inoculated with 70% (respectively, 23.6 tons ha-1 and 212.0 g) and 85% (23.4 tons ha-1 and 210.7 g, respectively) Hoagland nutrient solution doses. The effect of different mycorrhiza species on the SPAD index was significant during the full flowering and the effect on the leaf temperature during the veraison period, and the highest values (34.13 and 38.01 oC, respectively) were determined in the grapevines treated with G. etunicatum. It was determined that zinc and magnesium concentrations in leaf samples taken during full bloom period were higher in G. clarum application than in the other treatments. While there was no difference in phosphorus values in between Hoagland doses in leaf samples taken at the time of veraison; natural mycorrhiza application gave the highest values in terms of potassium, calcium, manganese, copper and iron. The percentage of root infection was higher than control in all three mycorrhiza species and the highest root infection rate was found in the application of 70% Hoagland nutrient solution. The highest number of mycorrhizal spores in the rhizosphere soil examined after harvesting was determined in Natural and G. clarum species. After all, it has been determined that the use of Hoagland nutrient solution can be reduced by 30% and 15% with G. clarum and G. etunicatum mycorrhiza applications.